Understanding the Risks and Benefits of Importing Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Essay Example for Free

Understanding the Risks and Benefits of Importing Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Essay In April, 2009, the national headlines were dominated with the story of a small, rogue group of modern day pirates who somehow managed to hijack highly armed American ships off of the coast of Somalia; these pirates were motivated by the huge financial gains to be had by stealing from the ships that are used to import liquefied natural gas (LNG), petroleum, and other energy resources from around the world, but primarily the middle east, a highly volatile region of the world for decades (Cordesman, 2004). While in itself the magnitude of what a small group of determined individuals were able to achieve is horrifying in its impact, there is a larger issue which came to light in the midst of the incident. That issue is a fair examination of the relative risks and benefits, specifically, of importing LNG to the United States. With this issue in mind, this research will explore several key facets of the question. Upon completion of the research, a better understanding of the overall topic will have been gained. This topic is especially interesting, as it encompasses the sub-topics of the energy crisis of the 21st century, international political complications, and much more. Risks of Importing Liquefied Natural Gas To begin, it is important to truly understand the risks of importing LNG; as with so many other facets of this topic, there are a wide variety of aspects to consider when tackling this pivotal question. While the threat of terrorism aimed at the United States has been a factor for decades, in the aftermath of the horrors of the 9/11 attacks, a renewed level of concern emerged for the protection of domestic chemical storage and transportation facilities against possible acts of sabotage. LNG facilities were identified as potentially attractive targets for terrorists, as the destruction of LNG supplies could dramatically affect the productivity of the nation, and the general perception is that LNG is highly explosive, which in fact will be dispelled later in this research. At any rate, ships bringing LNG to the US, especially in a post-9/11 world, are ripe targets for terrorist attack, representing a tremendous risk to those who are involved in the actual transportation of imported LNG (Johnson, et al, 2005). While LNG may not pose a huge threat once it is brought onto land, there is evidence to indicate that in the transportation of LNG via the tanker ships which are used to transport it, in the event of an LNG spill at sea, the effects could be huge. Without the means to contain the spill if it were to occur hundreds of miles from any given nation’s shore, LNG, when expelled into the water, poses a huge risk to the plant and wildlife that lives at sea. Eventually, if the spilled LNG were to reach the shores of any land mass, there could likewise be a large amount of soil pollution and the like, effectively undermining the environmental effectiveness of LNG when it is properly used in its intended applications (Downs, 2000). Financially, engaging in the importing of LNG can also be a risky proposition; in the previously presented scenario, if LNG shipments are hijacked for example, a huge loss of money for many stakeholders. Although all businesses carry their own relative level of risk, the importing of something like LNG, which is a prime target for theft or destruction, is especially risky. Lastly, the effort on the part of modern day pirates to try to steal as much LNG as possible from shipments meant for American importing represents a huge risk to both the financial and safety aspects of the shipments themselves; while one would probably say that the US should simply take military action against any nation from which these pirates hail, the diplomatic implications are far more complicated than that. The specifics of these implications will be discussed in more detail later in this research. Benefits of Importing Liquefied Natural Gas As one would expect, there are benefits to importing LNG that make the risks worth the effort of taking them. First, it is critical to understand the value of imported LNG for the United States and Canada alike, as well as countless other nations across the globe. For the purposes of this research, however, the focus is on the United States and LNG. The fact of the matter is that the United States’ production of LNG has been declining for at least the past decade, the only exception being the state of Alaska which still represents a vital source of LNG. However, even taking into account the access to LNG from Alaska, the United States still must import almost 98% of its needed supply of LNG, by some estimates. Further, additional estimates project that this trend will continue until at least 2025, and after that point, it is very likely that 100% of the LNG needed by the US will have to be imported from elsewhere, as even the expansion of available LNG from Alaska will be woefully inadequate to meet American demand (Kelly, 2005). Not only has the American supply of LNG diminished in recent years, but the demand has also skyrocketed for a variety of reasons. One of the reasons for this increased demand is an increase in the population of the US, which naturally increases the need for LNG in many applications, including residential, commercial, industrial and military. Additionally, the desirability of LNG as an energy source has increased given the growing effort to utilize energy sources which have very little impact on the environment, and the earth-friendliness of LNG makes it highly desirable for a way to provide energy without causing pollution, global warming and the like (Melamid, 1994). This research would be seriously lacking if at least some consideration was not given to the economic benefits of importing LNG for those whose product itself is LNG. As many people have realized in recent decades given the increase of political volatility in the middle east, this mostly desert, barren and hot part of the world is lacking in many of the natural resources that other nations use to support agriculture and other industries, this part of the world is highly dependent on the revenues derived from the export of LNG and other gas/oil products. Because of the reliance on this stream of income, the nations of the Middle East have in fact collaborated on the controlling of supplies and prices of LNG (Cordesman, 1997). While the details of the Middle Eastern situation will be discussed elsewhere in this research, suffice it to say at this point that there is tremendous benefit for the Middle East to continue to deal in LNG. Conversely, those who are involved domestically with the importing of LNG, there is a multi-billion dollar industry of opportunity to be reaped. The equipment alone to transport, store and dispense LNG represents a tremendous industry, employing hundreds of thousands of Americans. This is in addition to the endless number of end-users who use LNG as one of the factors of the production of other goods; as was mentioned earlier, this phenomenon will only increase with time, as the increased awareness of environmental responsibility will increase the desirability of LNG as a source of energy. While the environmental benefits of LNG have been mentioned several times already, this point deserves additional discussion as one of the many benefits that LNG provides. Not only is LNG a low impact element in terms of causing potential harm to the environment, relatively speaking, it is also quite safe in terms of its volatility. Unlike gasoline, for example, LNG is not highly explosive, and in fact, if LNG were to be ignited by an open flame, it would actually only generate a small, localized fire which in fact could be easily fought and contained. In the event of an LNG spillage, its nature as a dense gas makes it something that would only spread if it were hit by a hard, driving wind. Moreover, LNG is visible when released into the air, making it easy to avoid if it were to be spilled in large quantity. With the safety factor of storing LNG in mind, as a matter of fact, American storage facilities for LNG are required to have a sizeable safety zone of vacant land around them so should a leakage take place, the risk to the general population would in fact be nominal (Melamid, 1994). Environmentally, financially, and industrially, LNG importation has been seen to have many benefits which are substantial. However, in fairness, it is also important to discuss the effects that the importation of LNG has on other facets of everyday life, as well as international relations, homeland security, and much more.

Christopher Columbus Essay -- Christopher Columbus Essays

Christopher Columbus was an Italian navigator who sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in search for the all-water route to Asia, but instead achieved fame for making landfall in the Caribbean Sea. Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy. His father was a weaver, and it is believed that Columbus entered this trade as a young man. In the mid-1470s he made his first trading voyage to the island of Khios, in the Aegean Sea. Settling in Lisbon, where his brother Bartholomew was working as a cartographer, he was married in 1479 to the daughter of the governor of the island of Porto Santo. In December, the Santa Maria was wrecked off the coast of Espanola.The Nina, with Columbus in command, and the Pinta began the homeward voyage in January 1493. After storms drove the ships first to the Azores and then to Lisbon, Columbus arrived in Palos, Spain, in March. He was enthusiastically received by the Spanish Monarchs. Columbus planned immediately for a second expedition, with about 1500 men, which left Spain in September 1493. They landed on the island of Dominica, Gaudeloupe. His stop at Puerto Rico is the closest he came to setting foot on land that would later form part of the United States, the main foundation for the claim that Columbus â€Å"discovered America.† When Columbus returned to Isabella on September 29, he found that serious dissension had developed among the colonists, a number of whom were already on the route to Spain to press their grievances. One of the major...

Career Counselling and Development

In the New Careering Model, Miller-Tiedeman uses case studies and discussion points throughout the text journey to help both professionals and students learn practical application. In the book by Miller – Tiedeman, historical events, models, and comparison charts are punctuated all throughout lending a global perspective to the New Careering model. The visual Pythagorean wheel blueprinting the spectrum of living harmonies activates different dimensions of awareness and possibilities for life. This model is ideal for use in the classrooms (Mahoney, 2007). The book includes end-of-chapter questions, in-class exercises, and potential homework projects. The book appropriate for beginning counsellor education courses, entrepreneurial classes in business administration, career classes in other disciplines, church groups, pastoral counselling classes, and support/study groups. While many career counselling models have focused almost entirely on practical methods aimed at occupation with little attention to the process nature of life, Miller – Tiedeman outlines a creative approach that advocates a theory of life, not job, as career. Focus is centred on a three-fold approach of thinking, feeling, and willing of the career theory of the individual, by addressing logical, emotional, and spiritual aspects as cited in the book. In a global and human perspective, Miller – Tiedeman illustrates, through detail of theory, a broader view of career places in which individuals can connect with their deeper spiritual selves. This book by Miller – Tiedeman unfolds into three major components such as Learning the New Careering: The â€Å"What† Question; Practicing the New Careering: The â€Å"How† Question; and the Living the New Careering: The â€Å"Why† Question. Through this journey of introspection and a myriad of careering principles, the reader is able to ask about his/her own life direction. Miller – Tiedeman helps guide the question, â€Å"Does one’s life compass mostly toward job and things, or is it toward the journey as a whole?† Every chapter ends with discussion questions that evoke powerful inquiries into one’s complete approach to life and career. The book by Miller – Tiedeman is highly detailed and theory focused. One theory, in particular, The Pythagorean model — a spectrum of living harmonies — illustrates different dimensions of awareness and possibilities for life, and demonstrates how the nine power streams of focused energy through different parts of ourselves: i.e., the body, emotions, mind, will, intuitive thoughts and feelings, make up our complete life and career backdrop. Nine primary energies suggest nine basic power streams that are universal and available in every person’s life. The nine power streams outlined include the power stream of close relationship, initiative, artistic creativity, freedom, achievement, sociability, life experience, inner wisdom, humanitarian service will to power. Miller – Tiedeman met every objective in outlining in detail many of the aspects of New Careering and how it relates to the human elements of life. I highly recommend this book for anyone and everyone connecting with people for career, life, and inner growth as well as for career direction from a holistic or whole-life approach. Bearing of the Quantum Theory on Career Counselling The New Careering method, based on the principle of flow, much like nature, uses as its foundation ideas from a broad range of theories including Quantum physics. It is said that change need not occur linearly, but rather can be discontinuous – a â€Å"quantum leap.† In counselling, clients should be prepared for â€Å"quantum† shifts at times from the impact of even minor influences–like those at time produced from values clarification exercises. The quantum theory was asserting that the character of nature was essentially mental. The quantum theory was merely a tool for making predictions about experiences. The same line of thinking has led a serious attempt by to bring human conscious experience into the quantum mechanical description of nature (Bozarth, 1985). Decision-making Process Decision-making process is usually approach as an outcome of a long, continuous cognitive processes that may result to the selection of a course(s) of action among several alternatives. This process leads to a final choice, action or an opinion, among the alternatives (Reason, 1990). The decision-making process is integrated in the interaction with the environment (Kahneman, 2000). It is a problem solving process that is halted upon arrival to a sound solution to the problem. It can be rational or irrational. It can be based on explicit or tacit assumptions. My own style of decision-making could greatly influence the way I counsel. This is because my style of arriving at a decision and my way of resolving issues will be carried on how a client and I will arrive at a course of action(s) for the client’s case at hand. I might help a client who comes to me for help with making career-related decisions by drawing out various alternatives then at the end of it, allowing the client to choose the best option that the client thinks best fit. Issues Explored on the Client in the Vignette and the Envisioned Counselling Process 1. Identify the need for counselling In this vignette, it is evident that there is a need for focused, two-way communication with the client. There are several issues explored from the vignette on the client named Bridget, a thirty (30) years old senior college student who is raised from dairy farm in a small town in the New York State. According to Bridget, none of her siblings attended college. That is, after high school Bridget was eager to become financially independent and worked for a few years as a cashier at K-Mart near her hometown. Bridget eventually decided to major in biology in a college in Kansas. In that school, she got a 3.0 average. It was at this period when Bridget felt anxious about graduating and leaving her comfortable niche in school. That time, Bridget was not sure about what to do with her life. She also thought that the job market in both Kansas and nearby towns is rather limited. That time, Bridget’s former supervisor at K-Mart would be willing to give her a job as manager. However, Bridget felt that despite the pay check, getting that managerial job would be like she had never gone to college at all. 2.Prepare for counselling To prepare for counselling, select a suitable place. Schedule counselling in an environment that minimizes interruptions. This environment has to be free from distracting sights and sounds. Schedule the time. When possible, counsel a subordinate during the duty day. Counselling after duty hours may be rushed or perceived as unfavourable. The length of time required for counselling depends on the complexity of the issue. Generally a counselling session should last less than an hour. If you need more time, schedule a second session. Additionally, select a time free from competition with other activities and consider what has been planned after the counselling session. Important events can distract a subordinate from concentrating on the counselling. Notify the client well about the scheduled counselling in advance. For a counselling session to be a subordinate-centred, two-person effort, the subordinate must have time to prepare for it. The subordinate should know why, where, and when the counselling will take place. Counselling following a specific event should happen as close to the event as possible. However, for performance or professional development counselling, subordinates may need a week or more to prepare or review specific products, such as support forms or counselling records Organize information. Solid preparation is essential to effective counselling. Review all pertinent information. This includes the purpose of the counselling, facts and observations about the subordinate, identification of possible problems, main points of discussion, and the development of a plan of action. Focus on specific and objective behaviors that the subordinate must maintain or improve as well as a plan of action with clear, obtainable goals. Outline the counselling session components. Using the information obtained, determine what to discuss during the counselling session. Note what prompted the counselling, what you aim to achieve, and what your role as a counsellor is. Identify possible comments or questions to help you keep the counselling session subordinate-centred and help the subordinate progress through its stages. Although you never know what a subordinate will say or do during counselling, a written outline helps organize the session and enhances the chance of positive results. Plan the counselling strategy. The right atmosphere promotes two-way communication between a leader and subordinate. To establish a relaxed atmosphere, you may offer the subordinate a seat or a cup of coffee. You may want to sit in a chair facing the subordinate since a desk can act as a barrier. Some situations make an informal atmosphere inappropriate. For example, during counselling to correct substandard performance, you may direct the subordinate to remain standing while you remain seated behind a desk. This formal atmosphere, normally used to give specific guidance, reinforces the leader’s rank, position in the chain of command, and authority. Establish the right atmosphere. The right atmosphere promotes two-way communication between a leader and subordinate. To establish a relaxed atmosphere, you may offer the subordinate a seat or a cup of coffee. You may want to sit in a chair facing the subordinate since a desk can act as a barrier. Some situations make an informal atmosphere inappropriate. For example, during counselling to correct substandard performance, you may direct the subordinate to remain standing while you remain seated behind a desk. This formal atmosphere, normally used to give specific guidance, reinforces the leader’s rank, position in the chain of command, and authority. 3. Conduct counselling During the conduct of counselling, opening the session should be in a manner that would make the client at ease with the activity. Her stories should be carefully listened to, giving particular attention to the details of her case. There is a need to observe Bridget’s behaviour and performance. The issues will be discussed one by one. Then Bridget’s case will be compared to the standard. Then develop the plan of action. After careful analysis, feedback(s) will be provided to Bridget in the form of counselling. Recording and closing the session should be done in order to deliver an efficient counselling work that entails exploration of Bridget’s case, understanding and resolving the issues. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Follow up After the implementation of the plan of action, the results have to be evaluated. During the evaluation, the plan of action has to be reviewed with the client to determine if the desired results were achieved. This evaluation session gives relevant data and information for future follow-up counselling activities. References Bozarth, J. D. (1985). Quantum theory and the person-centered approach. Journal of Counseling and Development. Special issue, 64(3),179-182. Kahneman, Daniel and Tversky, Amos. 2000. Choice, Values, Frames. The Cambridge University Press. Mahoney, Moira. 2007. Review: Learning, Practicing, and Living in the New Careering. Career Planning and Adult Development Network. Unite Media Group, Inc.   http://www.careertrainer.com/Request.jsp?nView=PrintArticle&Article=OID%3A52982. Miller – Tiedeman, Anna. Learning, Practicing, and Living the New Careering. Reason, James. 1990. Human Error. Ashgate..

Kaahumanu

Keri Yokoyama February 6, 2012 Social Studies Funk Queen of Manoa! Guess who was one of the most popular people in Manoa? Queen Elizabeth Kaahumanu of course! Kaahumanu was one of the most famous residents of all Manoa. She was famous because she made a big impact on Manoa! She was also the wife of Kamehameha; in fact, she was one of Kamehameha’s favorite (out of twenty-one! ). In this article, I will tell you all about Queen Elizabeth Kaahumanu and her impact on the Manoa Community. In upper Manoa, she had a summerhouse. Its name was Ka Puka’oma’omao, meaning â€Å"the green gate. This makes sense because her house had a green gate and green shutters. The house had a blend of Polynesian and Western styles. In the book â€Å"Manoa: the story of a valley,† it says that the roof was probably thatched or peaked. (They don’t know but they are pretty sure it was. ) Kaahumanu had many friends and invited them to her summerhouse. Her house became a popula r place to visit. The house is not there today, but the land that it was on is still there with nothing on it. If you go to Manoa Road and Oahu Avenue, there is a green overgrown path that leads to a tiny clearing covered with old hau trees.Keep going on the path and you will find the land that Kaahumanu’s house, Ka Puka’oma’omao, was on. Kaahumanu was also known for a fresh water well. Her well was located close to her home. It was on Huelani Drive. The name of Kaahumanu’s fresh water well was Kawaihuelani, meaning â€Å"The waters of Huelani. † People believe that mo’owahine, meaning, â€Å" Part-lizard, part-woman being† is the guardian of the well. Kaahumanu also made a difference to one school in particular, Punahou School. Kaahumanu ordered/suggested Boki (Oahu’s governor) and his wife, Kuini Liliha, to give the land of Kapunahou to Reverend and Mrs.Hiram Bingham. From there, they built a school, which became Punahou Scho ol. That is how Punahou came to be. After catching an illness coming back from a trip, Kaahumanu asked to be taken to her home in the mountains. She died in her home in Manoa. Manoa was a place she loved so that's why she came back to visit one last time before her death. I hope you learned a lot about Kaahumanu and her impact on Manoa. There are many things about her that I found interesting and I hope you found interesting too!So now, to remember Kaahumanu as a queen and a resident of Manoa, think â€Å"Queen of Manoa! † Works Cited Bouslog, Charles, and Thelma Greig. Manoa: The Story of a Valley. Honolulu: Mutual Pub. , 1994. Print. â€Å"Kawaihuelani  » History | Hawai‘inuiakea. † University of Hawaii at Manoa. Web. 03 Feb. 2012. . â€Å"Queen Kaahumanu (1768 – 1832) Kamehameha's Favorite Wife | Aloha Hawaii. † Hawaii Travel Guide – Plan Your Hawaiian Vacation | Aloha Hawaii. Web. 06 Feb. 2012. . â€Å"The Woman Who Changed A Kingdom à ¢â‚¬â€œ Hawaiian Queen Ka'ahumanu. † Coffee Times – 100% Pure Kona Coffee. Web. 07 Feb. 2012. .

Understanding Gaslighting and What Victims Can Do

Understanding Gaslighting and What Victims Can Do Gaslighting is a harmful form of psychological abuse in which a person or entity attempts to gain power over others by making them question their own recollection of events, perception of reality, and ultimately  their sanity.  Ã‚  Ã‚   As used in clinical research, literature, and political commentary, the term comes from the 1938 Patrick Hamilton play â€Å"Gas Light,† and its film adaptations released in 1940 and 1944, in which a murderous husband slowly drives his wife insane by progressively dimming their home’s gas-powered lights without her knowledge. When his wife complains, he convincingly tells her that the light has not changed.   Since almost anyone can fall victim to gaslighting, it is a common tactic of domestic abusers, cult leaders, sociopaths, narcissists, and dictators. Gaslighting can be perpetrated by either women or men. Often especially convincingly charming liars, gaslighters consistently deny their devious actions. For example, physically abusive persons involved in intimate relationships may gaslight their partners by passionately denying  they had acted violently or by trying to convince victims that they â€Å"deserved it,† or â€Å"enjoyed it.† Ultimately, gaslighting victims lower their expectations of what constitutes true affection and start to see themselves as being less deserving of affectionate treatment. The gaslighter’s ultimate goal is to instill a feeling of â€Å"I can’t believe my eyes† causing their victims to second guess their perception of reality, choice, and decision, thus increasing their level of trust in and dependence on their abuser for helping them â€Å"do the right thing.† Dangerously, of course, the â€Å"right thing† is often the â€Å"wrong thing.† The longer the gaslighting continues, the more catastrophic its effects can be on the victim’s psychological health. In the most serious cases, the victim actually begins to accept the gaslighter’s false version of reality as the truth, stop looking for help, reject the advice and support of family and friends, and become completely dependent of their abuser. Techniques and Examples of Gaslighting The techniques of gaslighting are cleverly designed to make it hard for victims to recognize. In most cases, the gaslighter purposely creates situations that allow them to hide the truth from the victim. For example, a gaslighter might move his partner’s keys from their usual spot, causing her to think she had misplaced them. He then â€Å"helps† her find the keys, telling her something like, â€Å"See? They’re right where you always leave them.† According the Domestic Abuse Hotline, the most common techniques of gaslighting include: Withholding: The gaslighter pretends not to understand or ignores his or her victims. For example, â€Å"Oh, not this again,† or â€Å"Now you’re trying to confuse me,† or â€Å"How many times have I told you†¦?†Countering: The gaslighter wrongly blames the victim’s faulty memory, even when the victim’s recollection is accurate. For example, â€Å"You’ve been forgetting things more often lately,† or â€Å"Your mind is playing tricks on you again.†Blocking or Diverting: The gaslighter keeps changing the subject or questioning their victim’s mental health, For example, â€Å"I bet your crazy friend (or family member) told you that,† or â€Å"You’re just making things up so you can use them against me.†Trivializing: The gaslighter makes the victim’s needs or fears seem unimportant. For example: â€Å"You’re mad at me for a little thing like that?† or â€Å"You’re going to let that come between us?†Forgetting or Denial: The gaslighter falsely claims to have forgotten what actually happened or denies promises made to the victim. For example, â€Å"I told you I was going to be late,† or â€Å"I never told you I would pick you up.† Common Signs of Gaslighting Victims must first recognize the signs  of gaslighting in order to escape the abuse. According to psychoanalyst Robin Stern, Ph.D., you might be a victim if: You seem to be second-guessing or doubting yourself more often,You constantly wonder if you might be â€Å"too sensitive.†You often feel confused, possibly to the point of doubting your own sanity.You constantly feel you need to apologize to your partner.You wonder why, with so many good things in your life, you are so unhappy.You frequently feel the need to make excuses for partner’s behavior.You often withhold information about your partner’s behavior from friends and family.You know something is very wrong, but can’t quite figure out what it is.You struggle to make what should be simple decisions.You constantly feel that you need to be a â€Å"better person.†You feel hopeless and joyless.You wonder if you are â€Å"good enough† partner. Since some of these signs of gaslighting- especially those involving memory loss and confusion- could also be symptoms of another physical or emotional disorder,  persons experiencing them should always consult with a physician. Recovering from Gaslighting Once they recognize that someone is gaslighting them, victims can recover and regain their ability to trust their own perception of reality. Victims often benefit from re-establishing relationships they may have abandoned as a result of being abused. Isolation only makes the situation worse and surrenders more power to the abuser. Knowing they have the trust and support of others helps victims recover the ability to trust and believe in themselves. Recovering gaslighting victims may also choose to seek professional therapy to gain reassurance that their sense of reality is correct. Again able to trust themselves, victims are better able to end their relationship with their abusers. While gaslighter-victim relationships can be salvaged, doing so can be difficult. As relationship therapist Darlene Lancer, JD, points out, both partners must be willing and able to change their behavior. Willing partners sometimes successfully encourage each other to change. However, as Lancer notes, this is less likely to happen if one or both partners has an addiction or personality disorder. Key Points About Gaslighting Gaslighting is a harmful form of psychological abuse.Gaslighters attempt to gain control over others by making them question their own memory, reality, and sanity.Gaslighting is a common tactic of domestic abusers, cult leaders, sociopaths, narcissists, and dictators.The first step in recovering from gaslighting is realizing it is happening.As with all forms of psychological and domestic abuse, professional help is often needed. Sources and Additional References Firth, Shanon. â€Å"What is gaslighting?† The Week onlineJacobson, Neil S.; Gottman, John M. When Men Batter Women: New Insights into Ending Abusive Relationships. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-81447-6â€Å"What is Gaslighting.† Domestic Abuse Hotline. Online. May 29, 2014â€Å"7 Signs You Are a Victim of Gaslighting†. Divorced moms .comâ€Å"11 Warning Signs of Gaslighting.† PsychologyToday.com. January 22, 2017Stern, Robin, PhD. The Gaslight Effect: How to Spot and Survive the Hidden Manipulation Others Use to Control Your Life. Harmony. ISBN 978-0-7679-2445-0â€Å"Gaslighting Definition, Techniques and Being Gaslighted.†Ã‚  HealthyPlace.comâ€Å"Gaslighting.† GoodTherapy.org onlineLancer, Darlene JD, LMFT. â€Å"How to Know If Youre a Victim of Gaslighting.† PsychologyToday.com. January, 13, 2018Stout, Martha. The Sociopath Next Door. Random House Digital. ISBN 978-0-7679-1582-3.

Robert Gould Shaw Led Unions First Black Regiment

Robert Gould Shaw Led Unions First Black Regiment The son of prominent Boston abolitionists, Robert Gould Shaw was born October 10, 1837, to Francis and Sara Shaw. The heir to a large fortune, Francis Shaw advocated for a variety of causes and Robert was raised in an environment that included notable personalities such as William Lloyd Garrison, Charles Sumner, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Ralph Waldo Emerson. In 1846, the family moved to Staten Island, NY and, despite being Unitarian, Robert  enrolled in St. Johns College Roman Catholic School. Five years later, the Shaws traveled to Europe and Robert continued his studies abroad. Education and First Job Returning home in 1855, he enrolled at Harvard the following year. After three years of university, Shaw withdrew from Harvard in order to take a position in his uncles, Henry P. Sturgis, mercantile firm in New York. Though he was fond of the city, he found that he was ill-suited for business. While his interest in his work waned, he developed a passion for politics. A supporter of Abraham Lincoln, Shaw hoped that the ensuing secession crisis would see the Southern states brought back by force or cut loose from the United States. Early Civil War With the secession crisis peaking, Shaw enlisted in the 7th New York State Militia with the hope that he would see action if war broke out. Following the attack on Fort Sumter, the 7th NYS responded to Lincolns call for 75,000 volunteers to put down the rebellion. Traveling to Washington, the regiment was quartered in the Capitol. While in the city, Shaw had the opportunity to meet both Secretary of State William Seward and President Lincoln. As the 7th NYS was only a short-term regiment, Shaw, who wished to remain in the service, applied for a permanent commission in a Massachusetts regiment. On May 11, 1861, his request was granted and he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry. Returning north, Shaw joined the regiment at Camp Andrew in West Roxbury for training. In July, the regiment was sent to Martinsburg, VA, and soon joined Major General Nathaniel Banks corps. Over the next year, Shaw served in western Maryland and Virginia, with the regiment taking part in attempts to stop Major General Thomas Stonewall Jacksons campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. During the First Battle of Winchester, Shaw luckily avoided being wounded when a bullet hit his pocket watch. A short time later, Shaw was offered a position on Brigadier General George H. Gordons staff which he accepted. After taking part in the Battle of Cedar Mountain on August 9, 1862, Shaw was promoted to captain. While the 2nd Massachusetts brigade was present at the Battle of Second Manassas later that month, it was held in reserve and did not see action. On September 17, Gordons brigade saw heavy combat in the East Woods during the Battle of Antietam. The 54th Massachusetts Regiment On February 2, 1863, Shaws father received a letter from Massachusetts governor John A. Andrew offering Robert command of the first black regiment raised in the North, the 54th Massachusetts. Francis traveled to Virginia and presented the offer to his son. While initially reluctant, Robert was ultimately persuaded by his family to accept. Arriving in Boston on February 15, Shaw began recruiting in earnest. Assisted by Lt. Colonel Norwood Hallowell, the regiment began training at Camp Meigs. Though originally skeptical about the fighting qualities of the regiment, the mens dedication and devotion impressed him. Officially promoted to colonel on April 17, 1863, Shaw married his sweetheart Anna Kneeland Haggerty in New York on May 2. On May 28, the regiment marched through Boston, to the cheers of a massive crowd, and began their voyage south. Arriving at Hilton Head, SC on June 3, the regiment began service in Major General David Hunters Department of the South. A week after landing, the 54th took part in Colonel James Montgomerys attack on Darien, GA. The raid angered Shaw as Montgomery ordered the town looted and burned. Unwilling to take part, Shaw and the 54th largely stood and watched as events unfolded. Angered by Montgomerys actions, Shaw wrote to Gov. Andrew and the adjutant general of the department. On June 30, Shaw learned that his troops were to be paid less than white soldiers. Displeased by this, Shaw inspired his men to boycott their pay until the situation was resolved (it took 18 months). Following Shaws letters of complaint regarding the Darien raid, Hunter was relieved and replaced with Major General Quincy Gillmore. Seeking to attack Charleston, Gillmore began operations against Morris Island. These initially went well, however the 54th was excluded much to Shaws chagrin. Finally on July 16, the 54th saw action on nearby James Island when it aided in repulsing a Confederate attack. The regiment fought well and proved that black soldiers were the equals of whites. Following this action, Gillmore planned an attack on Fort Wagner on Morris Island. The honor of the lead position in the assault was given to the 54th. On the evening of July 18, believing that he would not survive the attack, Shaw sought out Edward L. Pierce, a reporter with the New York Daily Tribune, and gave him several letters and personal papers. He then returned to the regiment which was formed up for the assault. Marching over open beach, the 54th came under heavy fire from the Confederate defenders as it approached the fort. With the regiment wavering, Shaw sprung to the front yelling Forward 54th! and led his men as they charged. Surging through ditch surrounding the fort, the 54th scaled the walls. Reaching the top of the parapet, Shaw stood and waved his men forward. As he urged them on he was shot through the heart and killed. Despite the regiments valor the attack was repulsed with the 54th suffering 272 casualties (45% of its total strength). Angered by the use of black soldiers, the Confederates stripped Shaws body and buried it with his men, believing that it would humiliate his memory. After attempts by Gillmore to recover Shaws body failed, Francis Shaw asked him to stop, believing his son would prefer to rest with his men.

Establising Integrity and Anticipating Ethnical Challenges Essay

Establising Integrity and Anticipating Ethnical Challenges - Essay Example Participant observations can be considered observations that reveal only the public persona, while the responses of the interview will be intended to reveal the under layers of a relationship. While the public personal can indicates some of those layers, the responses in the interview will hopefully establish a more realistic picture. The concept of the â€Å"shared† construction cannot be ignored as participants are eager to give answers they hope the interviewer is looking to hear. The analysis of the interview will have a built in challenge that seeks to glean unprompted insight from questions that will undoubtedly prompt certain types of responses. When writing about the interviews, it will be important to have a previous concept of which answers will more often be the result of prompting. The anticipated participants will be approached through contact with religious institutions who recommend couples whose marriages appear to have been long lasting. It is anticipated that content couples will be willing to share their experiences. The culture of the religious institution usually creates a culture of people who want to share their experiences. In approaching religious leaders to recommend couples, these â€Å"gatekeepers† are more than likely to recommend those they believe to be content, creating a probability of finding the right couples to interview about a romantic relationship. It will be essential for couples of both male and female gender be approached in order to have a balanced interview. This study will not be using couples in a homosexual relationship because this dynamic is influenced by the culture both within and outside of that configuration. This would be beyond the scope of this particular study. The political, social, and cultural influences would change the focus. Consent will be obtained through a simple form. The purpose of the study will be openly